Dictionary of Fish Related Names

Definitions of Fish Related Names & Abbreviations For some newcomers (and even old-timers) to the world of fishing & fish management, listed below are fish related names & descriptions or explanations as to their usage to help you better understand SALMON FACTS FROM WDFW INFORMATION PAGE CLICK HERE
LIST OF TERMS USED IN FISH MANAGEMENT
Adipose Fin	The small fin on the top just in front of the tail of salmonoid fish. This fin is clipped on most all of the released hatchery fish, distinguishing them from wild fish. This identification method is later used on mature fish to protect the wild (unclipped) ESA listed fish. The above process is sometimes called Mass Marking because of the volume now being done. An often over-looked sexual characteristic in Pacific salmon is the enlarged adipose fin on mature males, typically 2-3 time larger than on female fish.
Selective Harvest	Selective Harvest in regards to fishing, is the ability of a fishing operation to avoid non-target species or stocks, or when encountered, to capture and release them in a manner that minimizes mortality. Where there are mixed stocks and/or mixed species present, the fisheries should be appropriately managed to meet the conservation needs of the “weakest stock” present. The objective harvesting goal of hatchery salmon & trout (fin clipped) while at the same time, is allowing wild (unclipped) to escape & spawn in their native streams. Any harvest of our public resource needs to be monitored with seasons & bag limits for ALL stakeholders & set for a sustained or increased population, with emphasis placed on conservation if there is any question. WFDW regulations in many areas require the fisherperson to not remove the unclipped adipose fined fish from the water & release it with as little damage as possible, trying to eliminate a post release mortality.
Commission	The Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission consists of nine members serving six-year terms. Members are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the senate. Three members must reside east of the summit of the Cascade mountains, three must reside west of the summit, and three may reside anywhere in the state. No two Commissioners may reside in the same county. While the Commission has several responsibilities, its primary role is to establish policy and direction for fish and wildlife species and their habitats in Washington and to monitor the Department's implementation of the goals, policies and objectives established by the Commission. The Commission receives its authority from the passage of Referendum 45 by the 1995 Legislature and public at the 1995 general election. The Commission is the supervising authority for the Department.
Director	Hopefully a person with great experience in fish management & the ability to organize a large department, who is charged by the "Commission" to oversee the day by day operations of WDFW
Regions	Washington State is divided up into 6 different regions, each overseen by a regional director. #1 Eastern, #2 North Central, #3 South Central, #4 North Puget Sound, #5 Southwest, & #6 Coastal, with the main offices in Olympia
Anadromous	Fish that are born in freshwater, migrate to the ocean to grow and mature, and return to freshwater as adults to reproduce.
Chinook Salmon	*An anadromous salmonid of the genus Oncorhynchus* and species tshawytscha. Also known as king, spring, or blackmouth salmon.**
Blackmouth Salmon	Blackmouth salmon in Puget Sound, are defined as immature Chinook salmon, up to the last year of their lives, at which time they start to sexually mature and develop egg or milt sacks. At that time they would technically become Chinook. The gum line of the mouth of a Blackmouth & Chinook is black in color, hence the nickname, Blackmouth. WDFW has found that if these smolt are not released into the sound until they are yearlings, they tend to loose their desire to migrate to the ocean, so become a resident & provide basically year around fishing.
Chum Salmon	*An anadromous salmonid of the genus Oncorhynchus* and species keta. Also known as dog salmon.**
Coho Salmon	*An anadromous salmonid of the genus Oncorhynchus* and species kisutch. Also known as sliver or hooknose salmon.**
Jack Salmon	A salmon that gets the urge to return to it's home stream a year early. These will be smaller fish, (up to 20 or 24" depending on specie). They will be predominately males, (hence the name) but occasionally you will encounter a Jill. The specie in this category are predominately Chinook & Coho.
Substrate	The material which comprises a stream bottom.
Escapement	The number of adult fish returning to a stream that escape mortality from harvest and natural attrition, and comprise a spawning population.
Escapement goal	A predetermined biologically derived number of salmonids that are not harvested and will be the parent spawners for a wild or hatchery stock of fish.
Wild stock	A stock that is sustained by natural spawning and rearing in the natural habitat, regardless of parentage (includes native).
Redd	A spawning site for a pair of salmon, where eggs are buried in stream gravels for incubation and hatching
Fish hatchery	A complex built to raise young salmon/trout to compensate for a mitigation of loss of spawning areas, or depleted fish populations caused by over-fishing in an effort to restore the fish population.
Fertilized Eggs	Here the eggs have been fertilized & have been sorted for dead or unfertilized ones.
Eyed Eggs	Fertilized eggs that have developed to the point that you can actually see the eyes of the young fish to be.
Alevin	The life stage of a salmonid between hatching from the egg and emergence from the stream gravels as a fry. The alevin stage is characterized by the presence of a yolk sac, which provides nutrition while the alevin develops in the protected gravel riverbed.
Emergence	The act of salmon fry leaving the gravel nest.
Fry - also known as Parr	A juvenile salmonid that has emerged from the gravel and are up to one month of age or any cultured salmonid from hatching through fourteen days after the being of feeding. Shown here these small fish, (about 1 1/4" long) are being transferred from an hatching/ rearing tank into buckets (about 4,000 total in the 5 gallon bucket) to be transported into a more widespread rearing water of the same watershed. The bucket will have an oxygen aerator inserted to ensure the oxygen in the water does not become deprived because of the quantity of them.
Fingerling	Juvenile salmonids up to nine months of age and generally two to four inches in total length
Smolt	A juvenile salmonid which has reared in-stream and is preparing to enter the ocean. Smolts exchange the spotted camouflage of the stream for the chrome of the ocean. The smolt body chemistry changes, allowing them to live in salt water.
Salmonid	Any fish in the family Salmonidae
Nutrient Enhancement	Research over the past decade in Washington, British Columbia and Alaska has demonstrated the critical role salmon play in transporting nutrients from the Pacific Ocean to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest. The Hatcheries Division worked aggressively with Regional Fishery Enhancement Groups and other local organizations, primarily volunteers, to distribute the carcasses of adult salmonids used for broodstock at WDFW hatcheries back into watersheds. Because the movement of fresh carcasses between watersheds has limitations due to the risk of spreading fish pathogens, WDFW has taken a leadership role in international conferences dealing with the development of approved alternatives such as processed carcasses (pasturized briquettes) or fertilizers to replace the lack of nutrients in streams with poor adult returns.
Predation	This can be in many forms as in the wild, life is that of survival. For fish, predation on them can us as fisherpersons, or it be many birds that feed on the small out-migrating fingerling or smolt. The most likely bird encountered in freshwater will be King Fishers, Terns or Cormorants. The mature returning salmon thru the bays & lower rivers may well have to pass the gauntlet of Seals & Sea Lions on their return trip
Ocean Environment	Here is where most of the salmon spend most of their adult life. Ocean conditions that are beneficial to plankton, shrimp, herring/anchovy, etc. are needed to produce a food chain with enough food for these fish to thrive.
Kype	The hooked jaw many male salmon develop during spawning.
Strays	Individual fish that breed in a population other than that of its parents. This is mother natures way of compensating for devastation flooding in certain streams or to expand the gene pool. A small percentage of the retuning spawning fish tend to not go to their home stream, but pick one nearby.
Fish Sampler	An WDFW employee who records statistics of recreational & commercial landings, taking scale samples, checking for CWT plus recording length & sex.
Kokanee	The freshwater form of the sockeye salmon. Kokanee spend their entire life in freshwater, and in some lakes are known as silver trout

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AABM	Aggregate Abundance Based Management As a participant in the U.S. – Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty, the parties are obligated to provide sound, biologically based information on salmon stocks originating in and returning to the southern states that are exploited in PST fisheries. As Washington & Oregon fall chinook from migrate to the north after leaving their home river systems, and are taken in Alaskan and British Columbia commercial troll and recreational fisheries. These fisheries are managed by the Pacific Salmon Commission (PSC) under an abundance-based management scheme. To successfully accomplish this, participating states such as Washington & Oregon must provide the Commission with reliable information on the in-river catch and escapement of fall chinook for the river ystems involved.
AEQ	Adult Equivalent
AM	Adaptive Management is an iterative process whereby monitoring and evaluation drive the fish management decision-making process. In other words, as information is gained, the knowledge base is expanded, which allows decision-making to direct future monitoring and evaluation to areas that improve future management.
AU	Allocation Unit is a management unit or group of management units for which harvest shares are calculated. Prior court orders specify that an allocation unit comprises the steelhead returning to a single river system flowing into saltwater. The parties may, by agreement, specify different allocation units.
AP	Artificial Production refers to the fish that are reared and released from an artificial culture setting such as a hatchery or other non-natural situation.
BRAP	Benefit-Risk Assessment Program provides a consistent method for evaluating hatcheries and cooperative projects. The procedure includes a: (1) scientific assessment of the potential risks posed by an artificial production program (developed with the western Washington tribes and National Marine Fisheries Service); (2) framework for balancing the potential risks and benefits of the program in the ecological context of the watershed; and (3) planning tool to describe alternative future scenarios and the management actions required to reach each scenario.
BRP	Biological Reference Point
BO	Biological Opinion
BS	Brood Stock are adult fish used to gather eggs & sperm for hatchery production.
CWT	Coded Wire tag
DFG	Derelict Fishing Gear. For removal guidelines CLICK HERE
DO	Dissolved Oxygen
DOE	Washington State Department of Ecology
EA	Environmental Assessment
EEZ	Exclusive Economic Zone (from 3-200 miles from shore)
EIS	An Environmental Impact Statement describes different ways the proposal could be implemented and identifies the environmental impacts of these alternatives. This presents the decision-maker with a range of choices along with information about the pros and cons of each choice.
ER	Exploitation Rate is the number of fish harvested expressed as a percentage of the estimated total run size and shall include all harvest related mortality
ESA	The Endangered Specie Act, (ESA) became law in 1973 and is the highest form of protective legislation for non human species within the United States. Like many other forms of governmental policy, the ESA has a Federal level of rules and regulations and has another format, which is separately defined within each state. Due to this type of set up, a species may be listed as Endangered on the state level and may not be listed on the federal level. There are currenmtly 27 stocks of salmon and steelhead listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). ESA has become the driver for many fishing regulations, in that seasons are many times built around run timings to protect these endangered fish. With the implementation of adipose clipped fin hatchery fish, now fish management can direct a fishery away from the ESA protected fish by allowing only the clipped fish to be retained.
ESU	Evolutionarily Significant Unit
FL	Fork Length, a measurement of the length of fish from the nose to the inside of the tails fork.
FMP	Fishery Management Plan This plan outlines objectives & guides the implementation of fisheries in Washington State, under the co-managers' jurisdiction. But it considers the total harvest impacts of all fisheries, including those in Alaska and British Columbia, to assure that conservation objectives that assures the state management units are achieved. The plan describes the technical derivation of these objectives, and how these guidelines are applied to annual harvest planning. Accounting for the total fishery-related mortality includes incidental harvest in fisheries directed at other salmon species, and non-landed Chinook mortality.
FRAM	Fishery Regulation Assessment Model
FCMA	Fisheries Conservation & Management Act
FBD	Future Brood Document
GSI	Genetic Stock Identification
HSRG	Hatchery Scientific Review Group. In a 1999 report to Congress a group of leading scientists determined that the potential exists for hatcheries to provide significant benefits to the recovery of naturally spawning salmon populations. Congress responded in 2000 by creating and funding the Puget Sound and Coastal Washington Hatchery Reform Project, a systematic, science-based redesign of hatchery programs to achieve two goals. help conserve wild salmon and steelhead populations; and support sustainable fisheries. This extensive review of all state hatcheries was completed in 2007
IHOT	Integrated Hatchery Operations Team
ISBM	Individual Stock-Based Management
KRFC	Klamath River fall Chinook
LCN	Lower Columbia River natural (coho)
LCR	Lower Columbia River (natural tule Chinook)
LRH	Lower river hatchery (tule fall Chinook returning to hatcheries below Bonneville Dam)
LRW	Lower Columbia River wild (bright fall Chinook spawning naturally in tributaries below Bonneville Dam)
LWD	Large Woody Debris
MM	Mass Marking is a term used in reference to adipose fin clipping when done in a high volume & directly related to providing a means of selective harvesting of salmon.
MP	Management Period is the time interval during which regulatory actions are taken to meet the escapement requirements for a management unit or the allocation requirements for an allocation unit, taking into account catches of the units made outside the management period. Management periods are specific to each management unit (or aggregate of management units) and to each fishing area through which the unit(s) pass.
MW	Management Weeks is represent the time period from Sunday through Saturday beginning with the initiation of the annual accounting period for steelhead, and continuing through the completion of the accounting period for winter steelhead. (See appendix
MU	Management Unit is a stock or group of stocks, which are aggregated for the purpose of achieving a desired spawning escapement objective.
MSA	Magnuson-Stevens Act is a Federal fishery conservation and management act designed to provide for the conservation and management of the fisheries, and for other purposes. Public Law 94-265 As amended through October 11, 1996
MSH	Maximum Sustained Harvest Level is a biological reference point (Caddy and McMahon 1995) representing the stock size that will support largest level of harvest mortality that can be maintained indefinitely without diminishing the productive capacity of the resource, given current conditions of habitat and environmental fluctuations.
MSY	Maximum Sustainable Yield is theoretically, the largest yield/catch that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period.
NA	Not Available
NEPA	The National Environment Policy Act requires federal agencies to evaluate, and disclose to the public, the environmental impacts of any major action they are planning. Since NMFS implements Council management proposals, it must also meet this environmental impact analysis requirement. Like other agencies, the Council may prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or an Environmental Assessment (EA).
NMFS	National Marine Fisheries Service Link to their website
NOAA	National Oceanic & Atmospheric Association Link to their website
NOF	North Of Falcon process, in 1984, state and tribal fisheries managers created a new forum to jointly manage fisheries for salmon and other species in "inside" waters. It was tough at first, but now North of Falcon is recognized as a cornerstone of co-management.
NWIFC	Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission Link to their website
OCN	Oregon Coastal Natural (Coho)
OPI	Oregon Production Index (Coho salmon stock index south of Leadbetter Point)
ODWF	Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife Link to their website
OY
PFMC	Pacific Fishery Management Council is one of eight regional fishery management councils established by the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 for the purpose of managing fisheries 3-200 miles offshore of the United States of America coastline. The Pacific Council is responsible for fisheries off the coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington. Link to their website
pHOS	Proportion of Hatchery Origin Spawners contributing to the natural spawning population (HRSG, 2004a).
pNOS	Proportion of Natural Origin Spawners contributing to the natural spawning population (HRSG, 2004a).
pHOB	Proportion of Hatchery Origin Broodstock contributing to a hatchery broodstock (HRSG, 2004a).
pNOB	Proportion of natural origin Broodstock contributing to a hatchery broodstock (HRSG, 2004a).
PNI	Proportion of Natural Influence PNI = pNOB/(pHOS + pNOB). The HSRG guideline is that genetic broodstock management will enable the natural environment to drive adaptation and fitness of a composite hatchery and natural population where the proportion of natural-origin fish in the broodstock exceeds the proportion of hatchery-origin fish on the spawning grounds (PNI > 0.50). For stocks of moderate or high biological significance and viability, PNI should exceed 0.7, and a minimum of 0.1 to avoid divergence of the hatchery population from the natural component, even when pHOS is zero (HSRG a).
PUD	Public Utilities District
PSREOC	Puget Sound Recreational Enhancement Oversight Committee is a committee of knowledgeable people appointed by the WDFW director to oversee the enhancement of Puget Sound fisheries, namely salmon, but with long term bottom-fish in mind also. The original intent was to carry on the promotion of raising & releasing of Blackmouth Salmon in the sound. This is funded by the previous PS salmon enhancement stamp that now has evolved as a percentage from the new salmon license.
PSC	Pacific Salmon Commission
PST	Pacific Salmon Treaty This Act, Public Law 99-5, approved March 15, 1985, (16 U.S.C. 3631) implements the Pacific Salmon Treaty between the U.S. and Canada, January 28, 1985; establishes the requirements for Commissioners and the subsidiary Northern, Southern, and Fraser River Panels; and authorizes Federal regulatory preemption by the Secretary of Commerce to meet treaty obligations. The Act authorized creation of an advisory committee to assist the U.S. Section and U.S. Panel Sections, and authorizes appropriations of such sums as may be necessary for carrying out the purposes and provisions of the Treaty and Act. This Act also repealed the Sockeye Salmon (or Pink Salmon) Fishing Act of July 29, 1947, and abolished the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission.
RCA	Rockfish Conservation Area is an area usually described by GPS Latitude & Longitude numbers that is closed to fishing at all areas OR which may be open during a halibut season in that area, (read the pamphlet). You can pass thru these areas, but can not stop & fish for anything.
RCW	Revised Code of Washington
RER	Rebuilding Exploitation Rate
RFEG	Regional Fisheries Enhancement Group are non-profit, community-based organizations dedicated to enhancing salmon populations. There are 14 RGEGs in the state of Washington that share the same unique role of working within their community across the state to recover salmon. Volunteers learn about salmon habitat, plant trees, count returning salmon, perform habitat assessments, conduct water quality monitoring, teach others, & much more.
RM	River Mile A statute mile measured along the center line of a river. River mile measurements start at the stream mouth (RM 0.0).
RMP	Resource Management Plan
R/S	Recruit per Spawner
RSI	Remote Site Incubators are used to rear the eggs of salmonids on-site, in remote stream reaches. Eggs are taken from brood fish and mixed with milt from males. The fertilized eggs are transplanted to the RSI location. The eggs are placed in an egg tray in the incubator. Water flows down through a pipe from a small dam into the incubator, flowing over the eggs, and leaves through an outlet. The flow rate can be adjusted by the operator. Eggs usually hatch in a couple weeks. The fry go down in the substrate gravel & stay there until the egg sack has been consumed (usually another 3-4 weeks). They then flow out of the substrate in the incubator once they are able to swim on their own. The small fry develop into fingerlings and seek cover on the margin of the stream, in slack water.
SAFE	Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation
SASSI	Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory is an inventory of naturally reproducing fish in Washington State - the first step in the statewide Wild Stock Restoration Initiative. SASSI provides an approach for developing a list of salmon and steelhead stocks and a process for rating their current status. Stock lists, classifications and ratings will be updated as additional information becomes available.
SSHIAP	Salmon and Steelhead Habitat Assessment Program which provides a common inventory of wild stock populations and habitat conditions. This program is a map-based databank of habitat conditions, is a prime example of the type of collaboration which involves local governments, landowners and others in that effort.
SRFI	Snake River Fall Index (Chinook)
SWAG	Scientific Wild Ass Guess
TAC	Total Allowable Catch
TRT	Technical Review Team
USFS	U.S. Forest Service
USFWS	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS	U.S. Geological Survey
VSP	Viable Salmonid Population Parameters are parameters that are used to evaluate the status of given stock. The four parameters are abundance (A), productivity (P), diversity (D), and spatial distribution (S) (McElhany et al. 2000).
VSP	Viable Salmonid Population is a salmonid population that has a negligible risk of extinction over a specified time period. For example, in the the purposed Willapa plan, a viable steelhead population is one that has a less than 5% probability of extinction over at least 100 years.
WAC	Washington Administrative Code
WCVI	West Coast Vancouver Island
WDF	Washington Department of Fisheries was the old department that was in charge of commercial fishing
WDFW	Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife Link to their website
WRIA	Water Resource Inventory Area
WWTIT	Western Washington Treaty Indian Tribes
Dictionary of methods of fishing & related items
Troll	A method of fishing whereby a boat is powered by either manpower (oars) or an internal combustion or electric engine. The method is to normally use a weighted baited line being drug behind the boat. The bait can be natural, (worms / herring) or a plastic or metal lure. The procedure is to move around on the water looking on a sonar trying to locate baitfish & then hopefully the targeted fish.
Mooch	Mooching was developed to drift a weighted bait (usually herring). Using this method, you let the lure to near the bottom, reel up a few feet & wait for the wave motion to slightly move the bait, or in the absence of that then raise & lower the rod tip to create the swimming illusion of the bait. Reel up & do it over again.
Mooching Rod	A fiberglas or composite rod of usually 8' 6" or 9' having a medium action. They are usually a level-wind reel type, however it could be a spinning type. Line for salmon would normally be monofilament in about 25# weight.
Jig	Usually a lead body or a lead headed unit with a hook attached weighing from 1/2 oz. to 12 oz. with a 3 oz. about usual for sea bass depending on the water depth & current. If the lead headed type, then a plastic "Curly Tail" lure is attached to the hook.
Jigging	A method of fishing usually where fish are concentrated. In use, letting the jig sink vertically to the bottom, or where the concentrated fish are observed in the water column by viewing on the sonar. Raise the rod so the tip moves about 2', let it drop back down, reel in a couple of feet & let it drop again. The fish tend to hit the lure when it is dropping, which makes for the fisherperson needing to pay close attention.
Downrigger	A large mechanical stationary reel mounted to the boat that is spooled with stainless steel wire line used for trolling. This reel may be manipulated by hand or electric power. It is a method of achieving a greater depth of fishing without the restraint of having a heavy weight attached permanently to the line. It normally has a 12# lead ball attached to the lower end of the stainless spooled line & a release type snap on the spooled line that the rod / reel's line is clipped into. This spool line is lowered to a desired depth. When a fish hits the lure, the clip pops off the line, allowing the fisherman to fight & land the fish independent of the downrigger. Any lure from bait to artificial can be used here.
Downrigger Rod	A fiberglas rod specially designed to have a strong lower section but with a medium tip. In use, these rods are set in a rod holder pointing rearward & when the person running the downrigger decides the desired depth, then reel in the reel slightly, to just before the clip pops off. This will preload the rod by putting an arc in the rod. When the fish hits the lure, the line will snap out of the downrigger wire clip with enough force from the preloaded rod taking the slack out of the line & to usually set the hook in the fish.
Diver	Usually a plastic device used in trolling that by it's nature of having a attachment device allows the diver to when pulled in the water, forces the diver down at a steep angle. This allows the lure to be trolled deeper than possible by using a sinker alone. They are usually designed so that when a fish hits the lure, that the diver trips & can be reeled in with little resistance. These allow the lure to be positioned down & closer to the boat than just using a weight & long line that may never achieve the same depth.
Dodger	A large (8"-14") metal or plastic attractor used for trolling that when pulled thru the water wobbles back & forth creating an attraction. It is also used in conjunction with a hoochie trailing behind it where the dodger imparts movement to the hoochie.
Flasher	A flasher is basically the same as a dodger, except a slightly different shape & it rotates slowly.
Fish Flash	The name given to a rotating plastic triangle attractant from 4" to 12" long with angled rear wings that rotates with little drag that is used as an attractor ahead of a leadered lure.
Plastic Squid	A round plastic skirt that has been slit on the sides in many places that forms a lure with many tentacles, representing a baitfish, small squid, octopus or shrimp swimming. These can be of many different colors to represent many different types of bait. Used by itself it has no action so they need an attractor that imparts movement.
Hoochie	Same as plastic squid
Cut Plug Herring	A herring bait that the head has been removed at an angle to facilitate a wriggling motion. It is attached to a leader that has the hooks inserted into the bait.
Helmet or Bonnet	Another method of attaching a herring or anchovy to a leadered hook set-up. Here there is a plastic helmet or head that the bait is inserted into to protect it & at the same time give it a wriggling motion.
Leader	Usually a monofilament line of a slightly lighter weight than the mainline that is connected between a sinker or the attractor & has the hooks attached to it for holding the bait.
Barbless Hook	A hook that was either manufactured with no barb, or one that has had the barb pinched in a manner approved by the DFW
Spoon	Usually a metal oblong spoon shaped lure that has a hook attached to the rear, that when retrieved through the water by trolling or casting, wobbles, imitating a baitfish
Plug	A plug can be made of wood or plastic that is used in the same fashion as a spoon. The front of a plug can be shaped with an angled downward portion that facilitates wriggling movement when retrieved.
Spinner	A attractant using one or more rotating spinner blades that a short leadered hook & bait/lure can be attached to.
Scent	Usually a mixture of natural ingredients mixed into either a paste or liquid form that when applied onto a lure that imparts a scent that may attract a fish into thinking the lure may be the the natural intended bait.
Knotless Net	A landing net may be made of rubber or a knotless nylon designed to decrease the chance of the knots of a regular nylon net from loosening the scales of fish that could later contribute to a fungus growth. May be required on certain fisheries.

Visual Storm Warnings
Rough Bar Conditions	At the exit of most harbors into bays will be 2 lights mounted on a large Rough Bar sign. When these lights are alternately flashing the US Coast Guard has declared the bar closed to pleasure vessels under 30'.
Small Craft Warning	Winds 26-38 MPH, Daytime one red pennant. Nights a red light above a white light
Gale Warning	Winds 39-54 MPH, Daytime two red pennants. Nights a white light above a red light. When these flags are flying they are sometimes called "Maggie's Drawers" by old-timers.
Storm Warning	Winds 55-73 MPH or more, Daytime one square red flag with a black center. Nights two red lights.
Hurricane Force Wind Warning	Winds 74 MPH or more, Daytime two square red flags with a black centers Nights a white light between two red lights.
Other Important Signals	One short blast means "I intend to leave you with my port side" (Inland Rules) Two short blasts means "I intend to leave you with my starboard side" (Inland Rules) Three short blasts means "my engines are operating astern propulsion" Five short rapid blasts means " I fail to understand your intentions"

Draft Definitions

The terms identified in this and as used in this plan have the following meanings:

Affected Party The principal parties to this Stillaguamish/Snohomish steelhead plan are the State of Washington, the Tulalip Tribes, and the Stillaguamish Tribe. Any other fishery resource manager (State of Washington or treaty tribe) that requests treatment as an affected party, in writing to one of the principal parties, will be considered to be an affected party beginning ten days after such request is received by a principal party.

Fishery Resource Manager A tribe or the State of Washington represented by the Department of Fish and Wildlife, with authority and responsibility over the management of harvest and hatchery programs affecting steelhead.

Harvest That act or activities associated with the utilization (retention and non-retention) of fish for cultural, consumptive, commercial and/or recreational purposes.

Hatchery Production Hatchery Production refers to the fish that are reared and released from an artificial culture in a hatchery situation.

Healthy and Harvestable A self-sustaining naturally produced stock that has attained a status that will support meaningful retention and non-retention fisheries on an annual basis.

Induced Fishing Mortality Fish mortality above and beyond that which would occur in the absence of fishing activities (e.g. hooking mortality, net drop out and marine mammal take), and which is not reflected in landed catch records.

Integrated Hatchery Program The term Integrated Hatchery Program describes the intended reproductive relationship of a hatchery population relative to the local, naturally spawning population between which gene flow occurs. The principal goal of an Integrated Hatchery Program is to manage the broodstock as an artificially propagated component of a naturally spawning population wherein the natural environment drives adaptation and fitness of a composite population of fish that spawns both in a hatchery and in the wild. (See HSRG 2004a)

Natural Production Natural production refers to fish that spawn and rear entirely in the natural environment. These fish may be the offspring of natural or hatchery production.

Run-Size Refers to the number of fish of a given management unit destined for their ultimate spawning location. This number shall include terminal harvest from the Snohomish and Stillaguamish watersheds, marine areas (Port Gardner, Port Susan, and Tulalip Bay), and estimates of natural escapement whether total or index and total hatchery escapement.

Segregated Hatchery Program The term Segregated Hatchery Program describes the intended reproductive relationship of a hatchery population relative to a naturally spawning population which are reproductively isolated from one another. The principal intent is to propagate a genetically segregated hatchery stock that is adapted to perform more optimally in artificial culture than in the wild, irrespective of the ability of returning adults to reproduce naturally or confer any benefits to naturally spawning populations. (see HSRG 2004b).

Steelhead The anadromous form of the species Oncorhynchus mykiss. Excludes the resident form.

Stock The fish spawning in a particular lake or stream(s) at a particular season, which fish to a substantial degree do not interbreed with any group spawning in a different place, or in the same place at a different season. (WDF et al. 1993

Viability Stressors Habitat, harvest, or hatchery actions that affect population VSP attributes (abundance, productivity, diversity, spatial structure) in a way that currently results in a significant reduction in the viability of a population.